Questions

1. Is Judgment Blade affected by defensive stats? If so, which ones? Physical
2. Which Passive Defense triggers against Judgment Blade? Heavy Stander
3. Can Judgment Blade inflict wounds?

im not sure if it can inflict wounds but i know,judgment blade can be canceled by using rock throwing

using r9 judgement blade w/ a bow at 50~100% wound rate doing 2k to a bear set to deadly inflicted no wounds

1. In KR Testing, the range is 7m ~ 9m, but in NA it says 10m for all ranks?
2. How long does the Defense reduction last for?
3. Does the defense reduction thingy stack with other players?
4. Is the defense reduction a fixed amount or a percentage?

Does Judgment Blade by any chance ignore Protection for Critical?

It would be pretty hard for me to check. I believe it would. It's area of effect nature to me implies that it would, since it attacks multiple enemies, and if you crit one you crit all.

It's something someone with crit under 100 should check.

I know it ignores protection for damage, since I was able to hit food dungeon monsters for more than 1 without a large table knife of glewyas weakening them.

Edit: Ok just confirmed it ignores protection for damage, as I was able to crit food dungeon mobs without having them be weakened first.

Hm, interesting find. But it doesn't seem to ignore Defense stat; I was doing 500s on the ingredients and 2.5ks on White Spiders, but I didn't thoroughly test enough.
EDIT: Never mind, no it does not ignore Protection for damage; I hit exactly a 1 on ingredients that wasn't "tenderized". It only ignores Protection for Critical.

Might it be possible that the Apostle Defense Reduction is actually Defense Piercing? That is, Judgment Blade ignores Defense in calculation but doesn't reduce it whatsoever?

This is becoming more and more plausible to me as I go.

Breaking lies level 5 didn't seem to do anything for anyone else. It definitely doesn't reduce his damage reduction for everyone else, because no one else started hitting double damage.

I wouldn't be surprised if it turned out to be a typo/mistranslation.

Is the +5% damage from Smiting bonus a flat addition or multiplicative?

It is multiplicative from Smiting Bonus. The higher rank, the stronger damage the blade will do due to multiplicative to it.

The full potential the blade can do is up to 1215% (Not counting Bhafel Huntress and with Level 70+ Smiting)

To add to this, only levels 10,20 and so on will give the bonus. Partial credit is not granted for the base damage increase.